The quality of ratings may depend on how much background information is available and whether the person rated is honest and forthright. The target group for the PCL-R is convicted criminals. PCL-R Factor 2a and 2b are particularly strongly correlated to antisocial personality disorder and criminality and is associated with reactive anger, criminality, and impulsive violence. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning). It is associated with extraversion and positive affect. PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with narcissistic personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder. There is a high risk of recidivism and currently small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing. Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". The previous edition of the PCL-R listed two factors. The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists four factors (1.a, 1.b, 2.a, and 2.b), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis. The scores are used to predict risk for criminal re-offence and probability of rehabilitation. In addition to lifestyle and criminal behavior the checklist assesses glib and superficial charm, grandiosity, need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning and manipulating, lack of remorse, callousness, poor behavioral controls, impulsivity, irresponsibility, failure to accept responsibility for one's own actions and so forth. A value of 0 is assigned if the item does not apply, 1 if it applies somewhat, and 2 if it fully applies. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a semi-structured interview. The PCL-R is a clinical rating scale (rated by a psychologist or other professional) of 20 items. 4 Diagnostic criteria and PCL-R assessment.2 Hare's Checklist and other mental disorders.
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